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全程指导: 审题
难度: 起步
“审题与要点”课程设计
课程目标:
学完本课后,学生能够独立分析自己的所申请学校的题目,根据内容选择适合自己的结构,完成写作提纲。
前导和引语:
总体来说,研究生阶段的个人陈述和目的陈述的都是为了更深一步了解学生的求学目的,学术兴趣,就业方向。因为只有有清晰的学术兴趣和目标的人,并了解学校资源的人,才能最大程度利用好学校的一切,顺利完成学业,并走上成功的职场或学术道路,将来也越能回馈母校。
不同学校一般给出的prompt会不一样,文书写作也应当是根据每一所不同学校分别写出不同的文章。美国研究生院的网站一般会给出明确的作文题目及写作要求。题目往往几句话,但言小而义大。就如同美国录取官所言“We ask the questions for a reason.(每个问题都有目的。)” 熟读几遍,充分领略其字面和背后的精髓,然后动笔写作,才能保证充分回答录取官问题,展示了录取官想了解的信息。
文书的结构安排,也基于文书的写作题目,然后加以开头结尾,根据需要变化论点顺序,让行文逻辑清晰,论证充分。本课我们将以几个中国人常见申请的学校和专业为案例,学习审题的方法,并了解几种行文结构,和例文,最终,帮助学习者破解自己的文书题目,并完成初稿提纲。
课程内容:
审题 —— 申请的第一步!
一:审题说明
“However you approach these points, it's imperative that you answer the questions asked in the essay prompt. Being substantive and direct is much better than being creative or flashy.” (Princeton Review)
申请文书,包括目的陈述 (The statement of purpose or Objectives for Graduate Study),个人陈述(Personal Statement),介绍信 (Cover Letter),小短文(short essay),等等。
问题类型可根据申请项目和专业的不同而不同。“社会科学方向的申请者写的自传式的文章,可能会和经济专业的申请者写作的个人陈述完全不同。即使同一个学生,写给法学院的文书和他申请化学博士的文章也会风格迥异。” (Donald Asher, 2012)所以,第一步, 也是最重要的一步就是,审题!排除先念,静心读题,至少三遍,高亮重要信息,然后根据问题列出提纲。
二.常见专业与常见学校破题:
计算机科学 Computer Science: 11%
在我们开始之前,请大家先读一则康奈尔大学研究生院的个人陈述题目,并请大家边读边记录重要信息和思考,猜测下录取官通过这些问题想了解什么?
Cornell University Personal Statement
Each applicant must submit a personal statement. The personal statement is your opportunity to help reviewers better understand your academic objectives and determine if you are a good match for the field to which you are applying.
Length and Format:
The statement should be a one or two page. Include your full name and the proposed field of study at the top of each page. Please use a standard font and font size for ease of reading.
Topic:
The personal statement should include your reasons for undertaking graduate work and an explanation of your academic interests, including their relation to your undergraduate study and professional goals.
Some fields ask that you address particular questions in your personal statement. Please check with your field for field requirements.
然后,我们一起再来读一遍,看有什么新的发现。
Cornell University Personal Statements
Each applicant must submit a personal statement. The personal statement is your opportunity to help reviewers better understand your academic objectives and determine if you are a good match for the field to which you are applying. (这里录取官已经告诉你他们期望在文书中看到什么,等于暗示了录取的关键标准:学术兴趣,你和field的匹配度。那么在文章中最好开篇就明确表示自己的专业兴趣,并依次说明自己之前的背景,职业经历,个性特征,未来目标,等,是如何和康奈尔大学计算机学院相匹配的。
Why you a good match for the field: why computer science, why graduate program, why Cornell.
回顾下素材挖掘器,在草稿纸上写下五个蹦入你头脑的原因吧,如果还没有想过,现在就开始想一想。如果写不出五个,那先去研究研究康奈尔大学的计算机系网页,看看学院培养目标,教授研究方向,学术文章发表,康大的课外活动,往年录取同学的档案,毕业生去向,康大主页的大事件,或者去谷歌百度一下学校或学院最近的新闻。
要说服别人,你要先说自己。)
Length and Format:
The statement should be a one or two page.(如果是一到两页,这里咨询师建议大家写满两页。个人陈述是向录取官介绍自己,赢得学校选票的宝贵机会,一定要紧紧抓住,好好把握,文书要字字珠玑,点中要害,没有废话,论述充分。) Include your full name and the proposed field of study at the top of each page. (这个属于特别要求,如果要申请康大计算机系,务必遵守。细节决定成败,细节也能看出来你对康大是否真的看重,真的感兴趣。千万不要成为一叠申请材料中那只“The Only Black sheep”)Please use a standard font and font size for ease of reading. (划入Final checking list, 提交前务必检查)
Topic:
The personal statement should include your (是“你”的原因,要具体可信!)reasons for undertaking graduate work and (这里是并且而不是“或”哦!) an explanation of your academic interests, including their relation to your undergraduate study and professional goals. (录取官要的不是泛泛的本科学术经历回顾或是未来职业规划,而是和专业兴趣紧密结合的。这个“relation”便是文章的逻辑所在。换言之,就是要解释当下的专业兴趣如何由本科的学术经历发生并发展而来。并且,基于现在的专业兴趣,未来有什么样的职业目标和规划。三者哪个先说都没关系,但是三者一定都要充分论述。)
Some fields ask that you address particular questions in your personal statement. Please check with your field for field requirements. (这个PS prompt是最基本要求,各个学院可能有具体要求,所以自己专业学院的招生网站也一定要去看。)
基于以上分析,我们一起利用一下表格,把信息做个梳理 。
申请学校: 申请专业: 目标学位: 计划入读时间:
官方命题:
|
要求清单:
字数要求: 页数要求:
其他要求:
|
内容涵盖:
明确说明需要包含的内容:
|
我还要补充的内容:
|
其他注意事项:
|
申请学校:Cornell University 申请专业:Computer Science
目标学位:Master Degree 计划入读时间:2015 Fall
官方命题:
Each applicant must submit a personal statement. The personal statement is your opportunity to help reviewers better understand your academic objectives and determine if you are a good match for the field to which you are applying. Length and Format: The statement should be a one or two page. Include your full name and the proposed field of study at the top of each page. Please use a standard font and font size for ease of reading. Topic: The personal statement should include your reasons for undertaking graduate work and an explanation of your academic interests, including their relation to your undergraduate study and professional goals. Some fields ask that you address particular questions in your personal statement. Please check with your field for field requirements. |
要求清单:
字数要求: 页数要求:1-2 page
其他要求:
Include your full name and the proposed field of study at the top of each page. Please use a standard font and font size for ease of reading.
|
内容涵盖:
明确说明需要包含的内容:
Your reasons for undertaking graduate work An explanation of your academic interests, Their relation to your undergraduate study 专业兴趣如何发生发展的,目的:展示自己对本专业的兴趣和能力。 Professional goals built on academic interest. 目的:有明确的求学方向和职业目标。 |
我还要补充的内容:
Why School 其他方面的明显的个人特征和优秀之处; 让人印象深刻的开头,总结升华的结尾 如果GPA或核心课程有明显缺陷,一定要主动在PS中写明并予以诚实解释。 其他希望录取官了解你的信息: Maybe 你对这个行业的看法,人类计算机科技发展的未来方向,将来你的职业需要的素养;或者你自己和计算机科学的个性化故事渊源,等等 |
其他注意事项:
|
表格填写完毕,我们可以初步写出康奈尔大学计算机系研究生个人陈述的提纲:
英文参考:
1. Introduction: 2 or 3 sentences as a hook, your academic interest, purpose of application,Academic Interest
2. What are your reasons for undertaking graduate work?
Reason A
Reason B
Reason C
(You can list all your reasons no matter big or small here in the first draft.)
3. What undergraduate study is related to your academic interest, and how is it related?
Courses
Research/labs
Readings
Professors
(In the first draft, you can list all your relevant experiences/inspirations/people during your undergraduate study no matter big or small.)
List relevant professional experiences if you have.
4. Professional goals that are related to the academic interests
5. Why Cornell and why you will be an asset to Cornell?
Other necessary explanations.
中文参考:
1. 开头,两三句话讲述个人最鲜明特点,提出目标学校,项目,和研究方向。
2. 为什么读研究生学计算机?
原因A
原因B
原因C
其他原因
3. 本科阶段有哪些经历和研究方向相关?
(可选:职业发展阶段有哪些经历和研究方向相关?)
课程
研究
阅读
教授
等等
4. 职业发展目标如何和研究兴趣相关?
5. 为什么选择康奈尔计算机系?你对学校学院可以有什么贡献?
(其中红色部分为短文明确要求的内容,黑色的为编者建议囊括的内容。)
相信大家提纲列得不错,看了例子也有新的收获。这里大家可能没有加入提纲的是开头和why program,不过不用担心,下面我们会专门讨论开头和why school如何写。好,我们下面来看看其他例子。
伊利诺伊大学香槟分校:
University of Illinois at Urban Champaign: UIUC
大家一起来读读题目,然后按照以下格式做个破题分析吧!
- This statement should include your goals and background as it relates to the field of computer science. It is good to include any past work history, your interests, and reasons for pursuing a graduate degree in computer science.
- Your statement will be evaluated for your conciseness, scientific research interests, leadership skills, and eloquence.
- Generally the statement of purpose is between one to two pages.
请独立完成以下表格:
申请学校: 申请专业: 目标学位: 计划入读时间:
官方命题:
要求清单:
字数要求: 页数要求:
其他要求:
内容涵盖:
明确说明需要包含的内容:
我还要补充的内容:
其他注意事项:
|
以下是孙老师读后的标记的题目,对照下看你是否把关键信息高亮出来了。
University of Illinois at Urban Champaign: UIUC
- This statement should include your goals and background as it relates to the field of computer science. It is good to include any past work history, your interests, and reasons for pursuing a graduate degree in computer science.
- Your statement will be evaluated for your conciseness, scientific research interests, leadership skills, and eloquence.
- Generally the statement of purpose is between one to two pages.
对照破题分析参考版,看你是否归纳了重要信息和内容,没有遗漏或错误:
申请学校: | 申请的具体专业: |
你的学术兴趣: | *** |
题目中告知的文书评价标准: | Conciseness, scientific Research Interest, Leadership Skills, eloquence. 简洁,科学研究兴趣,领导才能,语言表达。 |
题目明确说明需要包含的内容: | Goals and background as it relates to the filed of computer science.
|
隐含需要包含的内容: | Past work history; Your interest; Reasons for pursuing a graduate degree in computer science.
|
你认为还需要加入的内容:
| 吸引人的开头,为什么选择UIUC, 自己可以给UIUC做的贡献,如果自身的软硬件条件有哪些明显不足,这里要抓住机会说明,比如,GPA, G/T成绩,核心课程不及格,等等。
|
注意事项: | 一至两页 |
截止日期: |
|
很好,相信这张表格更好的帮你梳理了题目的要求,请大家小组内交流表格填写,对比有什么异同,然后独立完成题纲书写:
参考版:
Introduction:
Academic interests:
Reasons: why pursuing a graduate degree in computer science.
Background related to computer science:
· Working history and experience,
· Researching experience,
· Leadership experience,
Goals:
Why UIUC CS program:
Your contribution
(Explanation of discrepancies)
中文版:
开头
学术兴趣
申请计算机研究生院原因
相关背景:
工作
学术
领导才能
目标
为什么是UIUC
我的贡献
(对硬伤的解释)
请大家用以上的题目分析法,以及破题分析表,用以下题目作为练习,可以组内交流,先独立完成,然后讨论,最后参阅参考答案。
下面看一个教育学的例子:
Education Columbia University, U Penn
Columbia University - Teacher College Prompt:
The Statement of Purpose should be 2-3 pages in length, double-spaced. It should describe your academic and professional background, plans for graduate school, your professional goals, and how and why you are a good fit for the program. It should be tailored to Teachers College and our specific program of interest.
根据所获得的信息,填表格,并列出大致写作提纲:
申请学校: 申请专业: 目标学位: 计划入读时间:
官方命题:
|
要求清单:
字数要求: 页数要求:
其他要求:
|
内容涵盖:
明确说明需要包含的内容:
|
我还要补充的内容:
|
其他注意事项:
|
Introduction: 2-3 sentences who I am; Application Purpose;
Academic Background:
Professional Background:
Plans for graduate school:
Professional Goals:
How and why you are a good fit for the program;
Why TC and specific program;
至于先写什么,后写什么,可以根据事件发生的先后,也可以根据逻辑顺序,或者从最重要开始。这里推荐大家文书中谈谈哥大的地理位置。人家地处纽约上西区,得天独厚,交通便利,实习方便,不谈谈这一点,太伤录取官的虚荣心了~
University of Pennsylvania – Graduate School of Education
All applicants to degree and certification programs are required to write a statement of purpose, which should be no more than 750 words (no more than 1000 words for Penn CLO). It should address the factors that have encouraged you to seek an education from Penn GSE. You may also wish to describe your background, significant personal and professional experiences related to your program of study, important aspects of your academic record, and your professional goals upon completion of your desired program.
当然具体的专业还有特别的要求,但是根据这个最基本要求,你可以列出文章结构:
开头
(叙述和教育相关的重要的经历,故事)
重要的学术经历
毕业后的职业目标
为什么申请宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院
以上为基本信息,除此之外,如果你还有任何要交代的故事经历想法目标,都可以再添加。
Economics 9%
University of California San Diego
Statement of Purpose
Focus your Statement of Purpose on the reasons you are interested in attending a specific graduate program at UCSD. Check the department requirements for the Statement of Purpose. The statement should be well organized, concise, and completely free of grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Before submitting the statement, seek constructive comments and criticism from friends and advisors.
Five primary topics to cover in your statement of purpose:
2. What experiences have contributed toward your preparation for further study in this field? Demonstrate your interest by providing examples of research experiences, internships, work experience, community service, publications, or life experiences. Briefly describe what you did in each experience. Also, make sure to articulate what you have learned about the field and how those lessons stimulated you to pursue an advanced degree.
3. What are your future goals? Specifically state your degree objective (Master's or Ph.D.) and specify what subdisciplines you are interested in pursuing. For example, if you are applying in political science, the committee needs to know whether you are pursuing American Politics, Comparative Politics, International Relations, or Political Theory. Let the reader know that you are planning a future career as a university professor, researcher, or consultant, or in public service or private practice (or whatever your goal happens to be).
4. What are your research interests? Within your subdiscipline, you should be able to identify one or two topics that are of interest to you. When possible, be specific about your research agenda. Remember that you will be working with professors in research; therefore, your research interests should parallel those of the faculty. (You will usually not be expected to know exactly what you want to research; faculty know that initial interests often change.)
5. How are you a "match" for the program to which you are applying? Explain what attracts you most to the institution/program to which you are applying. Align your research interests with those of one or more of the affiliated professors. The better the "match" with the program/professors, the better the chance that you will be admitted.
Other factors to weave in (remember these are secondary factors):
· Give examples of personal attributes or qualities that would help you complete graduate study successfully.
· Describe your determination to achieve your goals, your initiative and ability to develop ideas, and your ability to work independently.
· Describe background characteristics that may have placed you at an educational disadvantage (English language learner, family economic history, lack of educational opportunity, disability, etc.).
· Leave the reader believing that you are prepared for advanced academic work and will be successful in graduate school.
EE UC Berkeley M Eng:
Writing the Statement of Purpose
Dr. Gloria Chun
Things to Keep in Mind
• What they read between the lines: motivation, competence, potential as a graduate student.
• Emphasize everything from a positive perspective and write in an active, not passive, voice.
• Demonstrate everything by example; don’t say directly, for example, that you’re a persistent person—you must demonstrate it.
• You don’t want to make excuses, but you have talk about the mistakes you’ve made as a learning experience.
• If there is something important that happened (poverty, illness, excessive work, etc.) which affected your grades, go ahead and state it, but write affirmatively, that is, in a way that shows your perseverance.
• Make sure everything is linked with continuity and focus.
• 500-600 words, 1 to 1.5 pages single spaced, typed.
Writing the Statement of Purpose
Part 1: Introduction
• This is where you tell them what you want to study. For example, I wish to pursue a MS degree in Mechanical Engineering with an emphasis in controls.
Part 2: Summarize what you did as an undergraduate
• Research what did during your undergrad career? Describe your best project(s), indicating with whom, the title of the project, what your responsibilities were and the outcome. Write technically, professors are the people who read these statements.
• Important class or classes you took which stimulated your desire for graduate study, or a specific project for a class.
• Work experience, especially if you had any kind of responsibility for testing, designing, or researching a product or apparatus.
Part 2: If you graduated and worked for a while and are returning to grad school, indicate what you’ve been doing while working.
• You can discuss your company, work/design team, responsibilities, what you learned, etc. You can also indicate here how this helped you focus on your graduate studies.
Part 4: Here you indicate what you want to study in graduate school in greater detail.
• This is a greater elaboration of your opening paragraph.
• Indicate area of interest, then state questions you might have which are associated with the topic, i.e., what you might be interested in studying. You should have an area of emphasis selected before you write the statement.
• Call the department or look on the web for information about the professors and their research. Are there professors whose interests match yours? If so, indicate this, as it shows a sign that you have done your homework and are highly motivated. (Be sincere, however, don’t make up something bogus just to impress people.)
Part 5: Conclusion
• End your statement in a positive and confident manner with a readiness for the challenges of graduate study.
(Source: http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Gradadm/WritingStatementofPurpose.pdf)
Mechanical Engineer Purdue University, Stanford, UCLA
Purdue University – The Graduate School of Engineering
The statement of purpose should be 300-500 words concerning your purpose for undertaking or continuing graduate study, your reasons for wanting to study at Purdue, and your research interests, professional plans, and career goals. You also may explain any special circumstances applicable to your background and elaborate on your scholarly publications, awards, achievements, abilities, and/or professional history.
普渡大学工程学院要求的是一篇300-500字的短文章。根据题目要求,大致列出的题纲:
· Introduction
· Why graduate school?
· Why Purdue?
· Research Interest
· Professional Plan
· Career Goals
· Other Special things: circumstances, applicable to your background and elaborate on your scholarly publications, awards, achievements, abilities, and/or professional history
题目间的先后顺序可以调整。但是由于字数限制,这里就要直入主题,简洁明了,先回答好所有问题,然后找出逻辑串成完整的文章。把其他的信息放入简历,推荐信,或者给教授和小秘的套磁中体现。要求300到500,这里棕榈姐姐建议大家充分利用500字要求,写到五百,但千万不要超过500字限制。毕竟,“简洁是一种美德。”
JHU Bloomberg School of Public Health:
Please use the following advice as a guide to preparing your statement:
1. Please include your name at the top of each page.
2. Address your interest in the public health field in which you are interested as well as the type of degree program to which you are applying. Because our School offers six types of master’s degrees, three types of doctoral degrees, fellowships, and certificates, you should explain why you think the specific degree or training program you have selected will advance your professional goals.
3. Discuss your professional background, including your current position and/or research area, in as much detail as necessary to convey how your work relates to your academic goals in our School. Address, if appropriate, the evolution of your professional interest in public health.
4. Explain how study in the program you have selected will prepare you to make positive, constructive contributions to your chosen area of work.
5. If you are currently pursuing, or have pursued, research, describe the scholarly work in which you are engaged or have been engaged. Be sure to describe your research in detail, including the research question, results, and the specific role you are playing or played in conducting the research. Your personal statement should not simply list what is already provided on your resume.
Your personal statement must be your own original work. Furnishing false or incomplete information, including plagiarism for any part on your personal statement, or in any related application materials, will result in an automatic withdrawal of your application.
There are no formal word-count or page limitations; however, we recommend that you limit your personal statement to three pages or less.
Georgetown University: MPP program admission essay
PERSONAL STATEMENT
Maximum length 500 words. Your essay should focus on:
· the reasons you want to pursue a MPP and how that relates to your career goals.
· the reasons you want to pursue your degree at MSPP and how that relates to your career goals.
Optional Statement
The Admissions Committee allows you to supply additional relevant information you wish to include in support of your application. In this essay, you would explain any unusual circumstances, such as a period of poor academic performance, academic sanctions, a substantial discrepancy between your performance on standardized tests and your actual level of academic achievement, prior public policy degree conferral, etc., if applicable. Please upload the optional essay in the Writing Sample 1 section of the online application. The majority of applicants do not submit an Optional Statement. Submitting an Optional Statement is not required.
PERSONAL STATEMENT
Maximum length 500 words. The essay should explain what unique abilities you would bring to the MPM Program and how obtaining this degree will contribute to the attainment of your personal and professional goals. In addition, the statement should specify why you want to pursue your degree at MSPP and how that relates to your career
Optional statement - The Admissions Committee allows you to supply additional relevant information you wish to include in support of your application. In this essay, you would explain any unusual circumstances, such as a period of poor academic performance, academic sanctions, a substantial discrepancy between your performance on standardized tests and your actual level of academic achievement, prior public policy degree conferral, etc., if applicable. Please upload theoptional essay in the Writing Sample 1 section of the online application. The majority of applicants do not submit an Optional Statement. Submitting an Optional Statementis not required.
一种写作程式:
1. 开头
个人独特性的素描,学术兴趣由来,申请方向,未来规划(optional)等。(可以是一件让你印象深刻的事,可以是一句启发你的名言,可以是你个人经历的总结,但要不落俗套。)
2. 学术背景:
相关的课程
相关教授,如果有知名教授更好
相关研究,论文发表
学术竞赛和成就,心得
(这里的课程,教授,研究,论文,竞赛也不是要全部涉及,你只需要选择在你专业发展中最重要的几个经历。另外,学术经历不需要都是成功的经历,如果你从失败中学到了更多,成长了更多,那失败也可以写成很鲜活正面的例子。当然,文章中的例子不是为了写例子而写例子,更不能从简历中直接照搬。每一个例子都是为了说明你某一方面的能力,品质,思考和成长。)
3. 相关的课外活动,实习,工作经历
如果申请的方向是非常重视实践的,比如商学院,金融,教育,等等,或者申请人本身已经毕业工作多年,重点描述总结下你重要的实践经历以就非常重要。
4. 未来的职业或学术规划
清晰的,短期和长期的具体的计划 (如果暂时没有也没有关系,但是未来的具体的计划会 让人感觉你已经有奋斗目标,更能说服别人你的申请是经过成熟和理性的思考,遇到困难你也更能克服并坚持下去。)
5. 为什么申请研究生院,这个学校,项目,专业。
学校的哪些理念,资源,机会吸引你,并助你达成未来的目标?
(这个部分非常重要,写得深入与否展示了你对学校是否真的感兴趣,是否有强烈的意愿在录取后接受offer, 你的 “demonstration of interest” 也是学校决定发offer的重要考量。而你的“就读诚意”是必须做调查研究才能写得恳切动人的。每一个学校和项目都有其特点和专长,比如: 想读计算机和电子工程方向的同学,如果选择斯坦福,伯克利或者加州其他硅谷学校就一定要提到地理位置优势和就业环境良好,读金融申请哥大和NYU的同学也一定要提到大纽约和华尔街,如果这些很明显的优势都没有提到,那会令录取官怀疑你的诚意。至于,知名教授,项目理念,培养目标,学术环境,研究方向,校友资源,这些信息你都可以通过学校网站,询问校友,看各大学校点评,BBS,给小米教授发邮件等多种途径得到。学术职业以及未来规划部分可以完全一致,但是WHY SCHOOL部分是需要每一个学校都重新做研究,切忌泛泛而谈,空洞无物。要选择一个你接下来学习生活两年甚至更长的地方和环境,这些小小的时间投资是完全值得的。)
你在哪些方面可以为学校或其他同学做出贡献?
棕榈要点方案:
•专业兴趣和热情: 你的学术兴趣是什么?如何发生和发展的?
•职业/学业目标:未来你要达成什么样的职业或者学业目标?你要从事哪一行业的工作?或者你想带给这一行业哪些改变?
•选择研究生教育的原因:你为什么想读研究生?研究生教育可以带给你什么?帮你实现目标还是获得工作经历没有没有的成长?
•选校原因:为什么申请这所学校?学校有哪些资源特别吸引你?你又可以给学校/项目/同学带来些什么贡献?(具体详细可信)
个人储备/竞争力体现:为了顺利完成学业,你在学业上,能力上,和个人品质上做了哪些准备?你有哪些课堂/实验/论文/阅读/工作经验?你获得了哪些成长?你对就读行业产生了哪些深刻的认识?
•对成绩缺陷的正面解释(可选)如果主课成绩或者Overall GPA 有缺陷需要给予诚恳可信正面的解释。
个人鲜明特色(可选):其他个人特殊的成长环境,独特的故事,任何“人无我有”的经历和思考。
建议即使使用“棕榈要点”也要再去自己的学校专业网站页面查看,是否有遗漏。
好,本课“审题与要点”就先讲到这里,请大家赶快去看看自己目标学校的文书题目,然后做个分析,列个要点吧!组内和小伙伴讨论也是很好的互相学习方法哦!
如果大家有什么问题,欢迎给孙老师写邮件:gracesun@palmdrive.co.